diff --git a/backend/tests/conftest.py b/backend/tests/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..017389e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import pytest
+from rest_framework.test import APIClient
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def api_client():
+    """匿名 API 客户端"""
+    return APIClient()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def authenticate(api_client, admin_user):
+    """已认证的 API 客户端（管理员）"""
+    api_client.force_authenticate(user=admin_user)
+    return api_client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def admin_user(db):
+    """创建管理员用户（每个测试独立事务，测试后自动 rollback）"""
+    from dvadmin.system.models import Users
+
+    user = Users.objects.create_user(
+        username="test_admin",
+        password="testpass123",
+        is_superuser=True,
+    )
+    return user
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def normal_user(db):
+    """创建普通用户"""
+    from dvadmin.system.models import Users
+
+    user = Users.objects.create_user(
+        username="test_normal_user",
+        password="testpass123",
+        is_superuser=False,
+    )
+    return user