From d9985f9d4d16bbbfd317bdea21b90ca920cf69b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wu Clan <jianhengwu0407@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2025 21:19:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Add plugin system and notice plugin (#503)

* Update system notice to plugin

* Add plugin model alembic support

* update plugin conf

* add plugin route injection

* update plugin route inject

* fix and optimize plugin router inject
---
 backend/alembic/env.py                        |   9 ++
 backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/__init__.py      |   4 +-
 backend/app/admin/model/__init__.py           |   1 -
 .../app/admin/service/data_rule_service.py    |   7 +-
 backend/app/router.py                         |   8 +-
 backend/common/security/permission.py         |   7 +-
 backend/core/path_conf.py                     |   3 +
 backend/core/registrar.py                     |  12 +-
 backend/main.py                               |  15 ---
 backend/plugin/__init__.py                    |   2 +
 backend/plugin/notice/__init__.py             |   2 +
 backend/plugin/notice/api/__init__.py         |   2 +
 backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/__init__.py      |   2 +
 backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/__init__.py  |   2 +
 .../notice}/api/v1/sys/notice.py              |   4 +-
 backend/plugin/notice/crud/__init__.py        |   2 +
 .../notice}/crud/crud_notice.py               |   4 +-
 backend/plugin/notice/model/__init__.py       |   3 +
 .../admin => plugin/notice}/model/notice.py   |   0
 backend/plugin/notice/plugin.toml             |   8 ++
 backend/plugin/notice/schema/__init__.py      |   2 +
 .../admin => plugin/notice}/schema/notice.py  |   2 +-
 backend/plugin/notice/service/__init__.py     |   2 +
 .../notice}/service/notice_service.py         |   6 +-
 backend/plugin/tools.py                       | 121 ++++++++++++++++++
 backend/pyproject.toml                        |   1 +
 backend/requirements.txt                      |   1 +
 backend/run.py                                |  14 ++
 backend/utils/import_parse.py                 |  42 +++---
 backend/uv.lock                               |  48 +++++++
 30 files changed, 274 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/api/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/__init__.py
 rename backend/{app/admin => plugin/notice}/api/v1/sys/notice.py (93%)
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/crud/__init__.py
 rename backend/{app/admin => plugin/notice}/crud/crud_notice.py (92%)
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/model/__init__.py
 rename backend/{app/admin => plugin/notice}/model/notice.py (100%)
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/plugin.toml
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/schema/__init__.py
 rename backend/{app/admin => plugin/notice}/schema/notice.py (91%)
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/notice/service/__init__.py
 rename backend/{app/admin => plugin/notice}/service/notice_service.py (89%)
 create mode 100644 backend/plugin/tools.py
 create mode 100644 backend/run.py

diff --git a/backend/alembic/env.py b/backend/alembic/env.py
index 60730716..b8396353 100644
--- a/backend/alembic/env.py
+++ b/backend/alembic/env.py
@@ -16,11 +16,20 @@ sys.path.append('../')
 from backend.common.model import MappedBase
 from backend.core import path_conf
 from backend.database.db import SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL
+from backend.plugin.tools import get_plugin_models
 
 # import your new model here
 from backend.app.admin.model import *  # noqa: F401
 from backend.app.generator.model import *  # noqa: F401
 
+# import plugin model
+for cls in get_plugin_models():
+    class_name = cls.__name__
+    if class_name in globals():
+        print(f'\nWarning: Class "{class_name}" already exists in global namespace.')
+    else:
+        globals()[class_name] = cls
+
 if not os.path.exists(path_conf.ALEMBIC_VERSION_DIR):
     os.makedirs(path_conf.ALEMBIC_VERSION_DIR)
 
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/__init__.py b/backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/__init__.py
index ed33b3be..26d1a475 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/__init__.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.dept import router as dept_router
 from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.dict_data import router as dict_data_router
 from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.dict_type import router as dict_type_router
 from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.menu import router as menu_router
-from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.notice import router as notice_router
 from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.role import router as role_router
 from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.token import router as token_router
 from backend.app.admin.api.v1.sys.user import router as user_router
@@ -23,9 +22,8 @@ router.include_router(config_router, prefix='/configs', tags=['系统配置'])
 router.include_router(dept_router, prefix='/depts', tags=['系统部门'])
 router.include_router(dict_data_router, prefix='/dict-datas', tags=['系统字典数据'])
 router.include_router(dict_type_router, prefix='/dict-types', tags=['系统字典类型'])
-router.include_router(menu_router, prefix='/menus', tags=['系统目录'])
+router.include_router(menu_router, prefix='/menus', tags=['系统菜单'])
 router.include_router(role_router, prefix='/roles', tags=['系统角色'])
 router.include_router(user_router, prefix='/users', tags=['系统用户'])
 router.include_router(data_rule_router, prefix='/data-rules', tags=['系统数据权限规则'])
-router.include_router(notice_router, prefix='/notices', tags=['系统通知公告'])
 router.include_router(token_router, prefix='/tokens', tags=['系统令牌'])
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/model/__init__.py b/backend/app/admin/model/__init__.py
index 1f2916d1..53cf5fca 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/model/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/app/admin/model/__init__.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from backend.app.admin.model.dict_data import DictData
 from backend.app.admin.model.dict_type import DictType
 from backend.app.admin.model.login_log import LoginLog
 from backend.app.admin.model.menu import Menu
-from backend.app.admin.model.notice import Notice
 from backend.app.admin.model.opera_log import OperaLog
 from backend.app.admin.model.role import Role
 from backend.app.admin.model.user import User
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/service/data_rule_service.py b/backend/app/admin/service/data_rule_service.py
index f29cc1eb..f7dde011 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/service/data_rule_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/admin/service/data_rule_service.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from backend.common.exception import errors
 from backend.core.conf import settings
 from backend.database.db import async_db_session
 from backend.database.redis import redis_client
-from backend.utils.import_parse import dynamic_import
+from backend.utils.import_parse import dynamic_import_data_model
 
 
 class DataRuleService:
@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ class DataRuleService:
     async def get_columns(model: str) -> list[str]:
         if model not in settings.DATA_PERMISSION_MODELS:
             raise errors.NotFoundError(msg='数据模型不存在')
-        model_ins = dynamic_import(settings.DATA_PERMISSION_MODELS[model])
+        try:
+            model_ins = dynamic_import_data_model(settings.DATA_PERMISSION_MODELS[model])
+        except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+            raise errors.ServerError(msg=f'数据模型 {model} 动态导入失败，请联系系统超级管理员')
         model_columns = [
             key for key in model_ins.__table__.columns.keys() if key not in settings.DATA_PERMISSION_COLUMN_EXCLUDE
         ]
diff --git a/backend/app/router.py b/backend/app/router.py
index cf9cb598..f6341709 100644
--- a/backend/app/router.py
+++ b/backend/app/router.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ from backend.app.admin.api.router import v1 as admin_v1
 from backend.app.generator.api.router import v1 as generator_v1
 from backend.app.task.api.router import v1 as task_v1
 
-route = APIRouter()
+router = APIRouter()
 
-route.include_router(admin_v1)
-route.include_router(generator_v1)
-route.include_router(task_v1)
+router.include_router(admin_v1)
+router.include_router(generator_v1)
+router.include_router(task_v1)
diff --git a/backend/common/security/permission.py b/backend/common/security/permission.py
index 9df72fd7..3b25e512 100644
--- a/backend/common/security/permission.py
+++ b/backend/common/security/permission.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from backend.common.enums import RoleDataRuleExpressionType, RoleDataRuleOperato
 from backend.common.exception import errors
 from backend.common.exception.errors import ServerError
 from backend.core.conf import settings
-from backend.utils.import_parse import dynamic_import
+from backend.utils.import_parse import dynamic_import_data_model
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from backend.app.admin.schema.data_rule import GetDataRuleDetail
@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ def filter_data_permission(request: Request) -> ColumnElement[bool]:
         rule_model = rule.model
         if rule_model not in settings.DATA_PERMISSION_MODELS:
             raise errors.NotFoundError(msg='数据规则模型不存在')
-        model_ins = dynamic_import(settings.DATA_PERMISSION_MODELS[rule_model])
+        try:
+            model_ins = dynamic_import_data_model(settings.DATA_PERMISSION_MODELS[rule_model])
+        except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+            raise errors.ServerError(msg=f'数据模型 {rule_model} 动态导入失败，请联系系统超级管理员')
         model_columns = [
             key for key in model_ins.__table__.columns.keys() if key not in settings.DATA_PERMISSION_COLUMN_EXCLUDE
         ]
diff --git a/backend/core/path_conf.py b/backend/core/path_conf.py
index 418935fc..2312b860 100644
--- a/backend/core/path_conf.py
+++ b/backend/core/path_conf.py
@@ -22,3 +22,6 @@ STATIC_DIR = os.path.join(BasePath, 'static')
 
 # jinja2 模版文件路径
 JINJA2_TEMPLATE_DIR = os.path.join(BasePath, 'templates')
+
+# 插件目录
+PLUGIN_DIR = os.path.join(BasePath, 'plugin')
diff --git a/backend/core/registrar.py b/backend/core/registrar.py
index 01b2a789..af0564e1 100644
--- a/backend/core/registrar.py
+++ b/backend/core/registrar.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from fastapi_limiter import FastAPILimiter
 from fastapi_pagination import add_pagination
 from starlette.middleware.authentication import AuthenticationMiddleware
 
-from backend.app.router import route
 from backend.common.exception.exception_handler import register_exception
 from backend.common.log import set_customize_logfile, setup_logging
 from backend.core.conf import settings
@@ -20,6 +19,7 @@ from backend.database.redis import redis_client
 from backend.middleware.jwt_auth_middleware import JwtAuthMiddleware
 from backend.middleware.opera_log_middleware import OperaLogMiddleware
 from backend.middleware.state_middleware import StateMiddleware
+from backend.plugin.tools import plugin_router_inject
 from backend.utils.demo_site import demo_site
 from backend.utils.health_check import ensure_unique_route_names, http_limit_callback
 from backend.utils.openapi import simplify_operation_ids
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ async def register_init(app: FastAPI):
     await redis_client.open()
     # 初始化 limiter
     await FastAPILimiter.init(
-        redis=redis_client, prefix=settings.REQUEST_LIMITER_REDIS_PREFIX, http_callback=http_limit_callback
+        redis=redis_client,
+        prefix=settings.REQUEST_LIMITER_REDIS_PREFIX,
+        http_callback=http_limit_callback,
     )
 
     yield
@@ -156,7 +158,11 @@ def register_router(app: FastAPI):
     dependencies = [Depends(demo_site)] if settings.DEMO_MODE else None
 
     # API
-    app.include_router(route, dependencies=dependencies)
+    plugin_router_inject()
+
+    from backend.app.router import router  # 必须在插件路由注入后导入
+
+    app.include_router(router, dependencies=dependencies)
 
     # Extra
     ensure_unique_route_names(app)
diff --git a/backend/main.py b/backend/main.py
index 079b4efa..656778e0 100644
--- a/backend/main.py
+++ b/backend/main.py
@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import uvicorn
-
 from backend.core.registrar import register_app
 
 app = register_app()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    # 如果你喜欢在 IDE 中进行 DEBUG，main 启动方法会很有帮助
-    # 如果你喜欢通过 print 方式进行调试，建议使用 fastapi cli 方式启动服务
-    try:
-        config = uvicorn.Config(app=f'{Path(__file__).stem}:app', reload=True)
-        server = uvicorn.Server(config)
-        server.run()
-    except Exception as e:
-        raise e
diff --git a/backend/plugin/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/api/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/api/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/api/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/notice.py b/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/notice.py
similarity index 93%
rename from backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/notice.py
rename to backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/notice.py
index a2726f48..e4ecbcb0 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/api/v1/sys/notice.py
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/api/v1/sys/notice.py
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ from typing import Annotated
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Path, Query
 
-from backend.app.admin.schema.notice import CreateNoticeParam, GetNoticeDetail, UpdateNoticeParam
-from backend.app.admin.service.notice_service import notice_service
 from backend.common.pagination import DependsPagination, PageData, paging_data
 from backend.common.response.response_schema import ResponseModel, ResponseSchemaModel, response_base
 from backend.common.security.jwt import DependsJwtAuth
 from backend.common.security.permission import RequestPermission
 from backend.common.security.rbac import DependsRBAC
 from backend.database.db import CurrentSession
+from backend.plugin.notice.schema.notice import CreateNoticeParam, GetNoticeDetail, UpdateNoticeParam
+from backend.plugin.notice.service.notice_service import notice_service
 
 router = APIRouter()
 
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/crud/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/crud/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/crud/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/crud/crud_notice.py b/backend/plugin/notice/crud/crud_notice.py
similarity index 92%
rename from backend/app/admin/crud/crud_notice.py
rename to backend/plugin/notice/crud/crud_notice.py
index e5853723..a2835da6 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/crud/crud_notice.py
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/crud/crud_notice.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ from sqlalchemy import Select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy_crud_plus import CRUDPlus
 
-from backend.app.admin.model import Notice
-from backend.app.admin.schema.notice import CreateNoticeParam, UpdateNoticeParam
+from backend.plugin.notice.model import Notice
+from backend.plugin.notice.schema.notice import CreateNoticeParam, UpdateNoticeParam
 
 
 class CRUDNotice(CRUDPlus[Notice]):
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/model/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/model/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..05b2479d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/model/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from backend.plugin.notice.model.notice import Notice
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/model/notice.py b/backend/plugin/notice/model/notice.py
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/app/admin/model/notice.py
rename to backend/plugin/notice/model/notice.py
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/plugin.toml b/backend/plugin/notice/plugin.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b13e1326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/plugin.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# 属于哪个 app，如果为独立 app，应设置为 ''
+app = 'admin'
+
+# api 路由配置，仅对于非独立 app 可用
+[api]
+# prefix 必须带前导 /
+prefix = '/notices'
+tags = '系统通知公告'
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/schema/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/schema/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/schema/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/schema/notice.py b/backend/plugin/notice/schema/notice.py
similarity index 91%
rename from backend/app/admin/schema/notice.py
rename to backend/plugin/notice/schema/notice.py
index 34e29df4..a5b3161a 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/schema/notice.py
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/schema/notice.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class NoticeSchemaBase(SchemaBase):
     type: int
     author: str
     source: str
-    status: StatusType = Field(StatusType.enable)
+    status: StatusType = Field(default=StatusType.enable)
     content: str
 
 
diff --git a/backend/plugin/notice/service/__init__.py b/backend/plugin/notice/service/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fafa58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/service/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
diff --git a/backend/app/admin/service/notice_service.py b/backend/plugin/notice/service/notice_service.py
similarity index 89%
rename from backend/app/admin/service/notice_service.py
rename to backend/plugin/notice/service/notice_service.py
index a4fa49f3..5e8e8dc2 100644
--- a/backend/app/admin/service/notice_service.py
+++ b/backend/plugin/notice/service/notice_service.py
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ from typing import Sequence
 
 from sqlalchemy import Select
 
-from backend.app.admin.crud.crud_notice import notice_dao
-from backend.app.admin.model import Notice
-from backend.app.admin.schema.notice import CreateNoticeParam, UpdateNoticeParam
 from backend.common.exception import errors
 from backend.database.db import async_db_session
+from backend.plugin.notice.crud.crud_notice import notice_dao
+from backend.plugin.notice.model import Notice
+from backend.plugin.notice.schema.notice import CreateNoticeParam, UpdateNoticeParam
 
 
 class NoticeService:
diff --git a/backend/plugin/tools.py b/backend/plugin/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff29cde7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/plugin/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import inspect
+import os
+import warnings
+
+import rtoml
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from backend.core.path_conf import PLUGIN_DIR
+from backend.utils.import_parse import import_module_cached
+
+
+def get_plugins() -> list[str]:
+    """获取插件"""
+    plugin_packages = []
+
+    for item in os.listdir(PLUGIN_DIR):
+        item_path = os.path.join(PLUGIN_DIR, item)
+
+        if os.path.isdir(item_path):
+            if '__init__.py' in os.listdir(item_path):
+                plugin_packages.append(item)
+
+    return plugin_packages
+
+
+def get_plugin_models() -> list:
+    """获取插件所有模型类"""
+    classes = []
+    plugins = get_plugins()
+    for plugin in plugins:
+        module_path = f'backend.plugin.{plugin}.model'
+        module = import_module_cached(module_path)
+        for name, obj in inspect.getmembers(module):
+            if inspect.isclass(obj):
+                classes.append(obj)
+    return classes
+
+
+def plugin_router_inject() -> None:
+    """
+    插件路由注入
+
+    :return:
+    """
+    plugins = get_plugins()
+    for plugin in plugins:
+        toml_path = os.path.join(PLUGIN_DIR, plugin, 'plugin.toml')
+        if not os.path.exists(toml_path):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f'插件 {plugin} 缺少 plugin.toml 配置文件，请检查插件是否合法')
+
+        # 解析 plugin.toml
+        with open(toml_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            data = rtoml.load(f)
+        app_name = data.get('app', '')
+        prefix = data.get('api', {}).get('prefix', '')
+        tags = data.get('api', {}).get('tags', [])
+
+        # 插件中 API 路由文件的路径
+        plugin_api_path = os.path.join(PLUGIN_DIR, plugin, 'api')
+        if not os.path.exists(plugin_api_path):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f'插件 {plugin} 缺少 api 目录，请检查插件文件是否完整')
+
+        # 路由注入
+        if app_name:
+            # 非独立应用：将插件路由注入到对应模块的路由中
+            for root, _, api_files in os.walk(plugin_api_path):
+                for file in api_files:
+                    if file.endswith('.py') and file != '__init__.py':
+                        file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
+
+                        # 获取插件路由模块
+                        path_to_module_str = os.path.relpath(file_path, PLUGIN_DIR).replace(os.sep, '.')[:-3]
+                        module_path = f'backend.plugin.{path_to_module_str}'
+                        try:
+                            module = import_module_cached(module_path)
+                        except ImportError as e:
+                            raise ImportError(f'导入模块 {module_path} 失败：{e}') from e
+                        plugin_router = getattr(module, 'router', None)
+                        if not plugin_router:
+                            warnings.warn(
+                                f'目标模块 {module_path} 中没有有效的 router，请检查插件文件是否完整',
+                                FutureWarning,
+                            )
+                            continue
+
+                        # 获取源程序路由模块
+                        relative_path = os.path.relpath(root, plugin_api_path)
+                        target_module_path = f'backend.app.{app_name}.api.{relative_path.replace(os.sep, ".")}'
+                        try:
+                            target_module = import_module_cached(target_module_path)
+                        except ImportError as e:
+                            raise ImportError(f'导入目标模块 {target_module_path} 失败：{e}') from e
+                        target_router = getattr(target_module, 'router', None)
+                        if not target_router or not isinstance(target_router, APIRouter):
+                            raise AttributeError(f'目标模块 {module_path} 中没有有效的 router，请检查插件文件是否完整')
+
+                        # 将插件路由注入到目标 router 中
+                        target_router.include_router(
+                            router=plugin_router,
+                            prefix=prefix,
+                            tags=tags if tags == [] else [tags],
+                        )
+        else:
+            # 独立应用：将插件中的路由直接注入到总路由中
+            module_path = f'backend.plugin.{plugin}.api.router'
+            try:
+                module = import_module_cached(module_path)
+            except ImportError as e:
+                raise ImportError(f'导入目标模块 {module_path} 失败：{e}') from e
+            plugin_router = getattr(module, 'router', None)
+            if not plugin_router or not isinstance(plugin_router, APIRouter):
+                raise AttributeError(f'目标模块 {module_path} 中没有有效的 router，请检查插件文件是否完整')
+            target_module_path = 'backend.app.router'
+            target_module = import_module_cached(target_module_path)
+            target_router = getattr(target_module, 'router')
+
+            # 将插件路由注入到目标 router 中
+            target_router.include_router(plugin_router)
diff --git a/backend/pyproject.toml b/backend/pyproject.toml
index 98823eeb..09649950 100644
--- a/backend/pyproject.toml
+++ b/backend/pyproject.toml
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "python-jose>=3.3.0",
     "python-socketio>=5.12.0",
     "redis[hiredis]>=5.2.0",
+    "rtoml>=0.12.0",
     "sqlalchemy-crud-plus==1.6.0",
     "sqlalchemy[asyncio]>=2.0.30",
     "user-agents==2.2.0",
diff --git a/backend/requirements.txt b/backend/requirements.txt
index 5d1a5cb8..db1acf77 100644
--- a/backend/requirements.txt
+++ b/backend/requirements.txt
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ pyyaml==6.0.2
 redis==5.2.1
 rich==13.9.4
 rsa==4.9
+rtoml==0.12.0
 ruff==0.9.5
 shellingham==1.5.4
 simple-websocket==1.1.0
diff --git a/backend/run.py b/backend/run.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6262402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/run.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import uvicorn
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # 为什么独立此启动文件：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64003384
+    # 如果你喜欢在 IDE 中进行 DEBUG，可在 IDE 中直接右键启动此文件
+    # 如果你喜欢通过 print 方式进行调试，建议使用 fastapi cli 方式启动服务
+    try:
+        config = uvicorn.Config(app='backend.main:app', reload=True)
+        server = uvicorn.Server(config)
+        server.run()
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise e
diff --git a/backend/utils/import_parse.py b/backend/utils/import_parse.py
index 62d7a9dd..4a0bd843 100644
--- a/backend/utils/import_parse.py
+++ b/backend/utils/import_parse.py
@@ -5,43 +5,37 @@ import importlib
 from functools import lru_cache
 from typing import Any
 
-from backend.common.exception import errors
 
-
-def parse_module_str(module_path: str) -> tuple:
+def module_parse(module_path: str) -> tuple:
     """
-    Parse a module string into a Python module and class/function.
+    Parse a python module string into a python module and class/function.
 
     :param module_path:
     :return:
     """
-    module_name, class_or_func = module_path.rsplit('.', 1)
-    return module_name, class_or_func
+    module_path, class_or_func = module_path.rsplit('.', 1)
+    return module_path, class_or_func
 
 
 @lru_cache(maxsize=512)
-def import_module_cached(module_name: str) -> Any:
+def import_module_cached(module_path: str) -> Any:
     """
     缓存导入模块
 
-    :param module_name:
-    :return:
-    """
-    return importlib.import_module(module_name)
-
-
-def dynamic_import(module_path: str) -> Any:
-    """
-    动态导入
-
     :param module_path:
     :return:
     """
-    module_name, obj_name = parse_module_str(module_path)
+    return importlib.import_module(module_path)
 
-    try:
-        module = import_module_cached(module_name)
-        class_or_func = getattr(module, obj_name)
-        return class_or_func
-    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
-        raise errors.ServerError(msg=f'数据模型 {module_name} 动态导入失败，请联系系统超级管理员')
+
+def dynamic_import_data_model(module_path: str) -> Any:
+    """
+    动态导入数据模型
+
+    :param module_path:
+    :return:
+    """
+    module_path, class_or_func = module_parse(module_path)
+    module = import_module_cached(module_path)
+    ins = getattr(module, class_or_func)
+    return ins
diff --git a/backend/uv.lock b/backend/uv.lock
index 95168f33..42c3cc23 100644
--- a/backend/uv.lock
+++ b/backend/uv.lock
@@ -595,6 +595,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "python-jose" },
     { name = "python-socketio" },
     { name = "redis", extra = ["hiredis"] },
+    { name = "rtoml" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy", extra = ["asyncio"] },
     { name = "sqlalchemy-crud-plus" },
     { name = "user-agents" },
@@ -649,6 +650,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "python-jose", specifier = ">=3.3.0" },
     { name = "python-socketio", specifier = ">=5.12.0" },
     { name = "redis", extras = ["hiredis"], specifier = ">=5.2.0" },
+    { name = "rtoml", specifier = ">=0.12.0" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy", extras = ["asyncio"], specifier = ">=2.0.30" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy-crud-plus", specifier = "==1.6.0" },
     { name = "user-agents", specifier = "==2.2.0" },
@@ -1751,6 +1753,52 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/49/97/fa78e3d2f65c02c8e1268b9aba606569fe97f6c8f7c2d74394553347c145/rsa-4.9-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:90260d9058e514786967344d0ef75fa8727eed8a7d2e43ce9f4bcf1b536174f7", size = 34315 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rtoml"
+version = "0.12.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/87/93/59e1dc9829eafbfb349b1ff2dcfca647d7f7e7d87788de54ab0e402c7036/rtoml-0.12.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:662e56bd5953ee7ebcc5798507ae90daa329940a5d5157a48f3d477ebf99c55b", size = 43127 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/de/08dc63ef974b6720e1f6159a4d3b36f0cb40d2d1c4a6315ebdf0bbf78ef7/rtoml-0.12.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:750761d30c70ffd45cd30ef8982e4c0665e76914efcc828ff4cd8450acddd328", size = 324818 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b1/91/3c1454fdc0562318b3ef33dc60d365ba4fb8b5b8d252802b3f4a4046fa4b/rtoml-0.12.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:af6dd6adc39a5be17dc6b07e13c1dd0e07af095a909e04355b756ad7ee7a7211", size = 313497 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/95/7e/6554227a80e750a6b27b0439f94d5406b0db479bb07c7b29437dbc4fbab0/rtoml-0.12.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:4f4f3f7667c4d030669ae378da5d15a5c8dcb0065d12d2505b676f84828426b0", size = 341331 },
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+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
 version = "0.9.5"