diff --git a/common/database/initialize.go b/common/database/initialize.go
index 09fb5253..75c2bd68 100644
--- a/common/database/initialize.go
+++ b/common/database/initialize.go
@@ -63,7 +63,11 @@ func setupSimpleDatabase(host string, c *toolsConfig.Database) {
 		log.Info(pkg.Green(c.Driver + " connect success !"))
 	}
 
-	e := mycasbin.Setup(db, "")
+	// Keyed by host, matching the database this enforcer reads from. Passing
+	// the same key for every host would hand each one the enforcer built from
+	// whichever database was configured first, and the rest would be decided
+	// by a casbin_rule table that is not theirs.
+	e := mycasbin.Setup(db, host)
 
 	sdk.Runtime.SetDbByTenant(host, db)
 	sdk.Runtime.SetCasbinByTenant(host, e)
diff --git a/common/middleware/permission.go b/common/middleware/permission.go
index 5f0bc870..993fde77 100644
--- a/common/middleware/permission.go
+++ b/common/middleware/permission.go
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 package middleware
 
 import (
-	"github.com/casbin/casbin/v3/util"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	mycasbin "github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2/casbin"
 	"github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2/jwtauth"
 	"github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2/response"
 	"github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2/sdk"
@@ -26,11 +27,9 @@ func AuthCheckRole() gin.HandlerFunc {
 			c.Next()
 			return
 		}
-		for _, i := range CasbinExclude {
-			if util.KeyMatch2(c.Request.URL.Path, i.Url) && c.Request.Method == i.Method {
-				casbinExclude = true
-				break
-			}
+		casbinExclude, err = excludedFromCasbin(c.Request.Method, c.Request.URL.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("AuthCheckRole: %s", err)
 		}
 		if casbinExclude {
 			log.Infof("Casbin exclusion, no validation method:%s path:%s", c.Request.Method, c.Request.URL.Path)
@@ -59,3 +58,32 @@ func AuthCheckRole() gin.HandlerFunc {
 
 	}
 }
+
+// excludedFromCasbin reports whether the route skips the permission check.
+//
+// It runs for every non-admin request, so the order matters: the method rules
+// out most entries with a string compare, where the path test costs a pattern
+// match. mycasbin.KeyMatch2 answers what casbin's util.KeyMatch2 answers
+// without recompiling the pattern every time, which is what made this loop
+// expensive - about 2,500 allocations per request against a 32-entry list.
+//
+// A pattern that will not compile is a bug in CasbinExclude rather than in the
+// request, so the entry is skipped and the scan continues; the error comes
+// back for the caller to log.
+func excludedFromCasbin(method, path string) (bool, error) {
+	var bad error
+	for _, i := range CasbinExclude {
+		if method != i.Method {
+			continue
+		}
+		ok, err := mycasbin.KeyMatch2(path, i.Url)
+		if err != nil {
+			bad = fmt.Errorf("CasbinExclude entry %q is not a valid pattern: %w", i.Url, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if ok {
+			return true, bad
+		}
+	}
+	return false, bad
+}
diff --git a/common/middleware/permission_scan_test.go b/common/middleware/permission_scan_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ad23094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/middleware/permission_scan_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package middleware
+
+import "testing"
+
+// excluded is excludedFromCasbin with the error dropped: these tests are about
+// the answer and its cost, and CasbinExclude has no malformed entry to report.
+func excluded(t testing.TB, path, method string) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	ok, err := excludedFromCasbin(method, path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CasbinExclude holds a pattern that will not compile: %s", err)
+	}
+	return ok
+}
+
+// TestCasbinExcludeScanMatches pins the behaviour the scan has to keep: an
+// excluded route is recognised, a protected one is not, and the method has to
+// agree.
+func TestCasbinExcludeScanMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		path, method string
+		want         bool
+	}{
+		{"/api/v1/health", "GET", true},
+		{"/api/v1/login", "POST", true},
+		{"/api/v1/roleMenuTreeselect/12", "GET", true},
+		{"/api/v1/dept", "GET", false},
+		{"/api/v1/sys-user", "GET", false},
+		// Same path, wrong method: sys-user is excluded for PUT only.
+		{"/api/v1/sys-user", "PUT", true},
+		{"/api/v1/health", "POST", false},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := excluded(t, c.path, c.method); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("excludedFromCasbin(%s %s) = %v, want %v", c.method, c.path, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCasbinExcludeScanAllocationBudget is what keeps the scan cheap.
+//
+// The list is walked per request with a pattern match per entry, and
+// casbin's util.KeyMatch2 compiles a regexp on every call - the whole scan
+// cost about 2,566 allocations that way. Going back to it fails this test.
+//
+// Allocation counts are deterministic across machines; wall-clock is not.
+func TestCasbinExcludeScanAllocationBudget(t *testing.T) {
+	// A protected route, so the scan runs to the end without an early match -
+	// the case every authenticated business request hits.
+	const path, method = "/api/v1/dept", "GET"
+
+	if excluded(t, path, method) {
+		t.Fatalf("setup failed: %s is in the exclusion list", path)
+	}
+
+	// The budget covers the GET entries that carry a path parameter, which
+	// still need a match. Measured at 0 for the cached matcher; the headroom
+	// is for entries being added to the list.
+	const budget = 64
+
+	got := testing.AllocsPerRun(100, func() {
+		_, _ = excludedFromCasbin(method, path)
+	})
+	if got > budget {
+		t.Errorf("scanning CasbinExclude allocates %.0f times, budget is %d\n"+
+			"casbin's util.KeyMatch2 costs about 2566 here; use mycasbin.KeyMatch2",
+			got, budget)
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkCasbinExcludeScan reports what the scan adds to a request.
+func BenchmarkCasbinExcludeScan(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+		for pb.Next() {
+			_, _ = excludedFromCasbin("GET", "/api/v1/dept")
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index eef3c025..8365aaa4 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/casbin/casbin/v3 v3.8.1
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.12.0
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
-	github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2 v2.2.0
+	github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/huaweicloud/huaweicloud-sdk-go-obs v3.26.6+incompatible
 	github.com/mssola/user_agent v0.6.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index b682fc96..e9c23d8e 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 h1:uAcMJhaA6r3LHMTFgP0SifzgXg46yJkgxqyuyec
 github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0/go.mod h1:PlBIdHe0+aUEFn+r2/uthrWq4FxbzugL0L8Li6yQJbc=
 github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0 h1:wSG0irqzP6VurnMEpFGer5Li19RpIRi2qvQz++w0GMw=
 github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0/go.mod h1:h8/o8j5wiAsqSPoWELDUdJXhjAhsVliSn7bWZjOhrgQ=
-github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2 v2.2.0 h1:8aJk9q5RQ+T0a6gs95Ay93qzGUc5ilXv90RbXPiwnEI=
-github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:YiJr2+vqC9qV5AoGeL+1W55h3XZ99CB5xWnP3Wo8c5g=
+github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2 v2.3.0 h1:P2Po+jsJByzv1y2cN8eEGfFOutWSYNzQTJxLGAFmHkE=
+github.com/go-admin-team/go-admin-core/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:YiJr2+vqC9qV5AoGeL+1W55h3XZ99CB5xWnP3Wo8c5g=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.10.0/go.mod h1:xUsJbQ/Fp4kEt7AFgCuvyX4a71u8h9jB8tj/ORgOZ7o=